For at least six decades, neuroscientists have been arguing over a big, foundational question: Do adult brains make new neurons? This process of “neurogenesis” had been shown in other adult animals, but its evidence in humans was circumstantial—until now. Using a new technique, scientists have found newly formed neurons in the brains of adults as old as age 78—and, for the first time, have identified the other brain cells that birthed them.
The results, published on Thursday in Science, are the first signs that cells with the capacity to turn into neurons, called neural precursor cells, exist in adult human brains. “Now we have very strong evidence that the whole process is there in humans, from the precursor cells to the immature neurons,” says Gerd Kempermann, a neurobiologist at the Dresden University of Technology, who was not involved in the study.
Weber’s law, also called Weber-Fechner law, historically important psychological law quantifying the perception of change in a given stimulus. The law states that the change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus. It has been shown not to hold for extremes of stimulation. (Weber’s Law)
Hang in with this, it’s interesting.
About 200 years ago, the German physician Ernst Heinrich Weber made a seemingly innocuous observation which led to the birth of the discipline of Psychophysics – the science relating physical stimuli in the world and the sensations they evoke in the mind of a subject. Weber asked subjects to say which of two slightly different weights was heavier. From these experiments , he discovered that the probability that a subject will make the right choice only depends on the ratio between the weights.
For instance, if a subject is correct 75% of the time when comparing a weight of 1 Kg and a weight of 1.1 Kg, then she will also be correct 75% of the time when comparing two weights of 2 and 2.2 Kg – or, in general, any pair of weights where one is 10% heavier than the other. This simple but precise rule opened the door to the quantification of behavior in terms of mathematical ‘laws’. (NEUROSCIENTISTS MAKE MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH IN 200-YEAR-OLD PUZZLE)
What’s new today is Time–Intensity Equivalence in Discrimination (TIED):
We investigated Weber’s law by training rats to discriminate the relative intensity of sounds at the two ears at various absolute levels. These experiments revealed the existence of a psychophysical regularity, which we term time–intensity equivalence in discrimination (TIED), describing how reaction times change as a function of absolute level. (The mechanistic foundation of Weber’s law)
Simply stated TIED says that the intensity of the stimulus determines the time it takes to “just notice” a change in it and that that scales linearaly as intensity changes up or down. For example, changes in louder sounds are noticed quicker than proportionally equal changes in quieter sounds and this can be scaled mathematically.
TIED is a new theory and needs more research, but whether it works out perfectly or not, I think it shows something very important about our individual and shared subjective perceptions of words, gestures, meanings, intentions, implications, and so on including all semiotics.
At present, we do not have machines that can measure our subjective perceptions, but we can surely feel them. And with training, we can also decently calibrate them.
Most of us can already vaguely talk about our subjective perceptions of each other, but few of us know how to do that with the precision of Weber’s Law or TIED. This is because we are all unique and we all react uniquely to each other. On top of that, few are able to employ language efficiently enough to capture significant detail when describing subjective responses or impressions.
FIML provides a very useful method for isolating and calibrating individual, idiosyncratic subjective perceptions.
Consistent, repeated use of FIML gradually recalibrates and reorganizes the entire psychologies of both partners.
FIML has virtually no content.. FIML is a method, and as such it allows partners to gradually identify, isolate, measure, and reorganize their entire body of psychological data, however they construe it.
It was reported last night that President Trump held a quiet meeting with Saudi Arabia Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman in the White House Thursday. This meeting is reported to cover discussions around de-escalation with Iran, the conflict in Gaza and what comes next.
The meeting also comes on the heels of President Trump having a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin and work throughout the middle-east region by President Trump Emissary Steve Witkoff and Israeli Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Dermer.
(Via Fox News) Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman secretly met with President Donald Trump and other key officials in the White House on Thursday to discuss de-escalation efforts with Iran, multiple sources confirmed with Fox News.
Khalid, also known as KBS, is the younger brother of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
[…] The talks were also reportedly about ending the war in Gaza and negotiating the release of the remaining hostages – whether dead or alive – and about working toward peace in the Middle East. (more)
Previously it was reported by Israeli media that President Trump was working on a comprehensive solution to Gaza that would encompass peace in the middle-east by normalizing ties with Israel, isolating Iran and giving them fewer options for regional instability. Expanding the Abraham Accords provides the diplomatic vehicle for this approach.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will visit the White House on Monday, July 7th.
It is strongly rumored that Syria and Lebanon would soon join the Abraham Accords, with the possibility of Saudi Arabia joining thereafter. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman (MBS) is a key figure hoping to bring a new era to the middle east absent of conflict and focused on prosperity.
These negotiations are likely to bear huge fruits. There are significant general parallels between Trump’s work in the Middle East and with Russia. The talks in both regions are larger than just the wars in either region; in both regions Trump has aimed at peaceful accords at the highest levels. In a sense, he has gone above the fray and focused on long-term solutions. By going over the heads of Europe and Israel, Trump has wrestled the crux of these regional dynamics from them. And just as importantly, he appears to have largely seized control of American warmongers overtly and covertly involved in both regions. Neocon RINOs are quiet as are American Jewish Supremists, or at least Trump and most others are not listening to them. ABN
The union was the first to announce the buyout, calling it an ‘illegal violation’ of the national contract in which UPS committed to create 22,500 jobs.
‘Our members cannot be bought off and we will not allow them to be sold out. UPS needs to live up to the existing contract. They must honor their commitments,’ said Sean O’Brien, general president of the union.
The company concluded that its profit margins from Amazon deliveries profit were too small, and it wanted to focus on other markets like healthcare and international deliveries.
‘The world has not been faced with such enormous potential impacts to trade in more than 100 years,’ said CEO Carol Tomé. Deliveries for Amazon make up around 12 percent of UPS’s revenue.
Many doctors have shared remarkable cancer results from DMSO Ivermectin pastes with me. This is because DMSO makes cancer therapies much more potent and possible for low (non-toxic) doses to be administered locally rather than large toxic systemic doses.🧵
DMSO transports medications through the skin and throughout the body. As I show here, this has many remarkable uses throughout medicine, such as treating resistant cancer and infections that don’t respond to conventional therapies.
You want to cut the Gordian knot, change the geopolitical world, create a strategic alignment; but to do that you need Putin to accept you do not view him as the enemy. You also need to prove you have control over the apparatus he views as a threat.
How do you prove you have control over the agency?
Trump instructs the CIA to send one public message. A message that: 1) outlines the CIA’s dual targeting of Trump and Putin; 2) that simultaneously proves your control over the CIA silo.
Was this the motive for the timing of the message from CIA Director John Ratcliffe?
It does look like Trump is trying to do this. This is a deep KOBK (Kill-Or-Be-Killed) move, though instead of ‘killing’ Putin/ Russia, Trump is proving to them that he does not want to ‘kill’ them. He wants cooperation and a solid alliance, which both leaders apparently deeply understand will be the greatest foreign policy outcome of this Century if they can achieve it. And it’s looking good, in my opinion. This is a very exciting interpretation about a super important strategy both leaders appear to be working toward. ABN
…Jewish Supremists, duh. Obviously he knows this. The Overton Toilet is so full it’s overflowing. Tucker has a strong hand but also can read the bathroom. ABN
One of Poland’s most influential military thinkers and president of Academy24, General (ret.) Jaroslaw Gromadzinski, has advocated a major shift in the country’s defence posture aimed specifically at preparing for war with Russia.
His statement reflect a broader consensus in Warsaw, which has invested particularly heavily in expanding its military capabilities with large scale equipment orders from South Korea and the United States. Gromadzinski argued that Poland needed to embrace an “active defence,” and be ready to operate “across the full operational depth of the opponent” by preparing to launch attacks across Russian territory.
He also stressed the need to create a million man reserve force, advocating a system modelled on that of Switzerland under which reservists would remain in active reserve units for years and periodically update their skills. “No one will convince me that in a country of 38 million, we cannot build a reserve of one million people,” he stated regarding the country’s potential to achieve these goals.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Trump administration has formally updated the safety labeling on all mRNA COVID-19 vaccines due to studies showing a disturbingly high risk of myocarditis—particularly in young men—and the possibility of long-term, irreversible heart damage.
The revised warnings apply to both Pfizer’s Comirnaty and Moderna’s Spikevax vaccines and follow months of mounting pressure over transparency and accountability regarding the true risks of these experimental injections.
The update stems from new studies and data showing persistent cardiac abnormalities months after vaccination—especially among males aged 12 to 24.
During a presentation of the new FDA safety data on Tuesday, Dr. Vinay Prasad, Director, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, walked the public through the harrowing evidence behind the label change.
… Put yourself in Russian President Vladimir Putin’s shoes against the backdrop of 35 previously exiled Russian officials from the United States as a result of the 2016 Intelligence Community Assessment and Joint Analysis Report {BACKGROUND}.
QUESTION: What exactly would Vladimir Putin think about this admission from the CIA?
CIA Director John Ratcliffe admits the former CIA and FBI fabricated the intelligence that led to the expulsion of Russian officials under the false premise of Russia “hacking” the 2016 election. Why now?
How would Putin interpret this very public message?
President Trump then publicly says at the G7 in Canada, it was a big mistake to take Russia out of the G8; further saying -repeatedly- that sanctions hurt both sides, and there is a cost to sanctions.
Trump then bombs the Iranian nuclear facilities; and two days later Putin says there is no doubt in his mind that President Trump is committed to peace.
Then today the U.S. says the 2016 predicate for removing Russian officials from the USA was based on fraud within the intelligence community, per CIA Director John Ratcliffe.
Good relations with Russia are of major importance. Great relations with Russia, if established, will be among the greatest foreign policy accomplishments ever. ABN
A court in Novosibirsk on Monday sentenced a Siberian cult leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of Jesus Christ to 12 years in prison for harming the mental and physical health of his followers.
Sergei Torop, a former traffic officer who calls himself “Vissarion,” founded the Church of the Last Testament in 1991 after what he described as a divine revelation. He attracted thousands of followers to remote settlements in Siberia, including a core group of about 300 living in isolation atop a hill they called the Abode of Dawn.
Russia’s Prosecutor General’s Office said Monday that Torop and two of his associates were found guilty of creating a religious organization that violated the civil rights of its members and caused bodily harm.
The United States recently completed the transfer of 10 former Coast Guard ships to four Asian countries, including two involved in territorial disputes with China, a Newsweek map shows.
The handover of cutters held both practical and politically symbolic significance in response to China‘s assertiveness in the South China Sea, where it claims sovereignty over most of the waters, naval analyst Collin Koh told Newsweek.
American Buddhist Net 