For decades, modern cosmology rested on a reassuring idea: we mostly understand how the universe works. Gravity, expansion, dark matter, dark energy—imperfect, yes, but largely mapped out.
That confidence is now cracking.
Across observatories, research papers, and closed-door scientific meetings, astronomers are confronting a growing realization: key measurements of the universe no longer agree with each other, and the mismatch is getting worse, not better.
Something fundamental may be missing.
The Expansion of the Universe No Longer Adds Up
The problem begins with one of cosmology’s most basic numbers—the Hubble constant, which measures how fast the universe is expanding.
In 2019, two of the most trusted methods of measurement produced conflicting results. Observations using distant supernovae suggested one expansion rate. Measurements of the early universe, based on cosmic microwave background data, suggested another.
The difference was small—but statistically significant.
By 2021, researchers confirmed the discrepancy was not caused by faulty instruments. By 2023, the tension had reached what physicists call “crisis level.”
Both results cannot be correct.
And no existing model explains why.
The James Webb Space Telescope Made Things Worse
When the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) began operations in July 2022, many scientists hoped it would resolve the debate.
Instead, it deepened it.
JWST observed galaxies that appeared too large, too bright, and too mature for the early age of the universe in which they were found. According to established timelines, such structures should not exist so soon after the Big Bang.
Some researchers initially suspected calibration errors.
Those errors did not materialize.
By early 2023, independent teams confirmed the findings. Galaxies were forming faster and earlier than theory allowed.
The universe, it seemed, had skipped steps.
__________
These are good signs. Scientific paradigms must fall when they not longer work well or are contradicted by too much counterevidence. ABN