Pragmatism as a philosophical movement began in the United States around 1870.[3] Charles Sanders Peirce (and his pragmatic maxim) is given credit for its development,[4] along with later 20th-century contributors, William James and John Dewey.[5] Its direction was determined by The Metaphysical Club members Peirce, Dewey, James, Chauncey Wright and George Herbert Mead.


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